Turi abatanga isi yose kwisiga, ibiryo n'imashini zitanga imiti mumyaka 20.Cyane cyane kubikorwa byo kuvanga, hari uburambe bukize bwo gukora, tekinoroji igezweho isanzwe hamwe nuruganda ruherereye mu ntara ya Jiangsu.
Kubikora kuvanga, birashobora gutegurwa hashingiwe kubisabwa.Nka mashini nubusa vacuum, kuvanga, gushyushya, homogenizer jya kuri emulsion, nibindi bikorwa.Imashini rero izakorwa hashingiwe kubikorwa byihariye byo gukora.
Dukoresha kuki kugirango tunoze uburambe.Mugukomeza gushakisha kururu rubuga, wemera gukoresha kuki.Andi makuru.
Ukurikije amategeko ya kabiri yubushyuhe bwa termodinamike, ibicuruzwa byinshi byita kuruhu ntabwo bihindagurika muri kamere kuko ibyo bicuruzwa nibihuza ibintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi bitavanze.Kugirango ubeho neza, ibyo bicuruzwa bigomba kongerwaho na stabilisateur ikwiye.Mubisanzwe, ionic cyangwa nonionic surfactants yongeweho nka emulisiferi.
Byizerwa ko amphifile ifite uburemere buke bwa molekile ituma kwisiga bidahuye nuruhu.Kubwibyo, inganda zo kwisiga zirimo gushakisha amavuta yo kwisiga adashobora gusimbuza imiti gakondo.Kugirango ubyare umusaruro uhamye kandi ushimishije muburyo bwiza, ubundi buryo butanga ikizere burimo polymer emulisiferi cyangwa uduce duto nka stabilisateur.
Usibye gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora, emulisiyo irashobora gutuza ukoresheje macromolecules ikwiye aho gukoresha uburemere buke bwa molekile.Emulion itajegajega ikunze kunozwa wongeyeho polymers kugirango ubyibushye kandi wongere umusaruro wicyiciro gikomeza.
Ariko, kugirango tunoze imikorere, polymers surfactant nka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose cyangwa carbomer 1342 irashobora gukoreshwa nka emulsifier yibanze.Izi polymers zikora firime yimiterere irinda neza amavuta ya peteroli.Muri iki kibazo, ingaruka zihamye zo kongera ubwiza bwicyiciro cyo hanze ntagaciro.
Ibitekerezo nkibi byitwa hydrolipid dispersions cyangwa geles ikwirakwiza amazi, bikwiranye nibicuruzwa bituruka ku zuba bityo bikaba bizwi nka "emulsifier-free".Urebye kumubiri na chimique ibi ntabwo aribyo.. emulifiyeri irashobora guteza imbere ishingwa rya emulisiyo cyangwa kongera ituze ryoguhuza kugabanya kimwe cyangwa byombi byo guteranya hamwe no guhuriza hamwe.)
Ikitandukanya iyi formulaire na emulisiyo ihagarikwa na "gakondo" emulisiferi nubushobozi bwabo bwo gutera uburakari: emulisiferi ya polymer ifite uburemere buke bwa molekile bityo ntishobora kwinjira muri stratum corneum.Kubwibyo, imikoranire mibi nka Majorca Acne ntabwo iteganijwe.Niyo mpamvu bitwa "emulsifier-free".Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana ingero zimwe na zimwe za kera.
Acrylate / C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer yakoreshejwe nka polymer emulsifier muri Formula A. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na aside polyacrylic yakoreshejwe nka co-stabilisateur.Acrylic copolymer ni polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342 yahinduwe na C10-30 alkyl acrylate kandi ihuza na allyl pentaerythritol.
Lipophilic alkyl acrylate moiety yiganjemo aside hydrophilique acrylic acide.Makromolecule yavuyemo ifite uburemere bwa molekile ya 4 x 109. Ibikoresho ntibishonga, ariko iyo bitabangamiwe hamwe na base yabigenewe byiyongera inshuro 1000.
Carbomer polymer emulisiferi ikora igipimo cyinshi cyo kurinda geli ikikije buri gitonyanga cyamavuta mugice cyamazi ya electrolyte nkeya, hamwe numuyoboro wa hydrophobique alkyl iminyururu mugice cyamavuta.Igipimo gisanzwe cya polymer emulisiferi ya 0.1% kugeza 0.3% gusa irasabwa kwigana amavuta agera kuri 20%.
Iyo amavuta yo kwisiga ahuye na electrolyte irimo uruhu rwuruhu, iba idahindagurika kuko geli irinda ako kanya irabyimba.Nyuma yo gukuraho icyiciro cyamavuta, firime yoroheje yamavuta iguma kuruhu.Ubu buryo bworoshe gukora ibicuruzwa bituruka ku zuba, nubwo bifite hydrophilique, birwanya amazi mugihe cyo kuyikoresha.
Emulisiyo ihagarikwa na acrylate / C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross-polymers irashobora gutegurwa muburyo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye (reba Imbonerahamwe 2).
Imbonerahamwe 2 Gahunda yo gutegura geles ikwirakwiza amazi ukoresheje polymer emulisiferi itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye
Kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwuburemere bwa molekuline yuburemere bwa polymer emulisiferi, ibicuruzwa byinshi byinjira cyane bigomba gukoreshwa ubwitonzi kuko bishobora kugabanya ihungabana rya emulsiya.Mubisanzwe, impuzandengo yigitonyanga cya diametre yibi bihimbano ni 20-50 mm.Ariko ibi ntabwo bigira ingaruka mbi kumitekerereze yumubiri.
Niba sisitemu zitatanye neza (microne 1-5) zatoranijwe kubwiza bwiza, birasabwa kongeramo amphiphilic co-emulsifier, urugero nka sorbitan monooleate.Ariko, ubwo buryo ntibushobora kwitwa "emulsifier-free."
Nubwo Formulaire B (reba hepfo yimbonerahamwe ya 1) nayo ni ubwoko bwa hydrolipid ikwirakwiza, ikoresha hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) nka polymer emulifier.
Ibihimbano bikoresha HPMC nka polymer emulisiferi ntigikora cyane kubijyanye na electrolytite ugereranije no gukwirakwiza amazi-lipide ikoresha polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342. Kubwibyo, amavuta / amazi emulisiyoneri ikoreshwamo igisubizo cyumunyu wa saline yo hanze kandi igakomeza guhagarara neza mugihe cyo kubika.
Bitewe no guhangayikishwa nubukanishi iyo bishyizwe kuruhu, amavuta yo kwisiga arashobora gusenywa igice hanyuma agakora firime yoroheje yamavuta kuruhu, bigabanya uruhu.Amazi amaze guhumeka, igice cyamavuta yo kwisiga kiguma kuruhu, kigakora firime yoroheje aho ibitonyanga byamavuta bishyirwa muri materix ya polymer.
HPMC itajegajega yateguwe hifashishijwe rotor-stator homogenizer nka Ultra Turrax®.Homogenizer itanga ibitonyanga bito bya 2-5 µm mubunini.Ingufu nyinshi ziva muri ultrasonic cyangwa umuvuduko mwinshi homogenisation irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora nanoemuliyoni hamwe na diameter ya 100-500 nm.
Nanoemuliyoni ihagaritswe na HPMC irashobora gukonja itunganijwe kuva feri ya lipide.Kugirango ubone pre-emulsion ya peteroli, icyiciro cyamavuta yamazi hamwe nigisubizo cyamazi ya polymer byahujwe nubushyuhe bwicyumba.Imbere-emulioni inyuzwa mumuvuduko ukabije wa homogenizer kuri 20-90 MPa inshuro nyinshi kugirango ubone nanoemuliyoni yanyuma.
Nubwo bishoboka muburyo bwa tekiniki kongera umuvuduko ukabije kurenza urugero ntakibazo, ibi mubisanzwe bivamo ubunini bunini kandi ntibugere kumurongo wifuzwa.Iyi phenomenon yitwa gutunganya cyane kandi ni ibintu bisanzwe biranga polymer-stabilisation emulisiyo.
Ikindi kintu cyihariye kiranga emulisiyo ihagaritswe na HPMC ni uko zishobora guhindurwa muri autoclave nta kwangirika gukomeye kwiza.Ibi ni ukubera ko bagaragaza inzibacyuho ya sol-gel.Ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 60 ° C, icyiciro cyo hanze kirabyimbye kandi kibuza kugenda gutonyanga amavuta yatatanye.
Ibitonyanga ntibishobora kugongana kandi igipimo cyo guhuza ni gito cyane.Niyo mpamvu, abayikora bashobora gukora amavuta-mumazi-emulisiyo idafite imiti igabanya ubukana niba ibipfunyika birwanya kwanduza byakoreshejwe.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, emulisiyo irashobora kandi gutekerezwa gusa binyuze mumikorere ya viscosity optimizme yo kongeramo polymers nka karubone (acide polyacrylic).Iyi formulaire yitwa "quasi" emulisiyo kuko ingaruka zihamye za polymer ntabwo zirimo ibikorwa byimikorere.Ibicuruzwa byiza byubucuruzi, bikunze kwitwa "amavuta", mubisanzwe birimo lipide nkeya zikwirakwizwa muri hydrogel.
Ikwirakwizwa ryiza rya lipide ritanga ituze ryumubiri hamwe nubuzima buhagije.Iki gipimo hamwe numusaruro wibyiciro byinyuma bigabanya umuvuduko wibitonyanga, bityo bikarwanya neza emulisile hamwe nuburinganire bwibitonyanga byamavuta.
Twaganiriye na Porofeseri Hongxia Wang wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Queensland ku bijyanye n’umushinga mushya wizeye gukoresha graphene n’ibindi bikoresho bya karubone bihendutse kugira ngo ubyare ibicuruzwa bifite ingufu zidasanzwe zihenze cyane za perovskite izuba.
Muri iki kiganiro, AzoNano avugana na ba professeur Moti Segev na Vladimir Shalaev, bavumbuye ibintu bitangaje muri kristu yigihe cya fotonike irwanya ubushakashatsi nibitekerezo bihari.
Muri iki kiganiro, turaganira ku buryo bushya bwo kuzamura ubuso bwa Raman spectroscopy ikoresha nanopockets mu mutego wa molekile igamije, bigatuma habaho gutahura cyane imiti yimiti.
Kamera ya ClearView yerekana amashusho yagura ubushobozi bwikwirakwizwa rya electron microscopi (TEM).
Byinshi-byinjira-bifatanya kwishusho no muburyo bwa nanoindentation ukoresheje Bruker Hysitron PI 89 Auto SEM.
Wige ibijyanye na NANOS ya Phe-nx, intebe yisesengura SEM ikora isesengura ryibanze kandi byoroshye gushiraho no gukoresha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-23-2023