Hafi yumwaka umwe "Made in China 2025" isohotse, urwego rwibitekerezo rwabaye rwiza, guhera ku nganda 4.0, kumenyekanisha inganda kugeza mubikorwa byubwenge, inganda zitagira abapilote, kugeza ubu bigera no ku modoka zitagira abapilote, amato adafite abapilote, nibikoresho byubuvuzi bidafite abadereva. Ahantu hashyushye, birasa nkaho igihe cyubwenge bwinganda nubumuntu kiri hafi.
Ren Zhengfei, washinze Huawei Technologies, yafashe icyemezo gifatika kuri iki kibazo. Yizera ko iki aricyo gihe cyubwenge bwubuhanga. Mbere ya byose, gutangiza inganda bigomba gushimangirwa; nyuma yo gutangiza inganda, birashoboka kwinjira muri informatisation; gusa nyuma yo gutanga amakuru arashobora kugerwaho ubwenge. Inganda z’Ubushinwa ntizirangiza kwikora, kandi haracyari inganda nyinshi zidashobora no kuba igice cyikora.
Kubwibyo, mbere yo gucukumbura Inganda 4.0 ninganda zitagira abapilote, birakenewe gusobanukirwa inkomoko yamateka, inkomoko ya tekiniki nubusobanuro bwubukungu bwibitekerezo bifitanye isano.
Automation niyo ntangiriro yubwenge
Mu myaka ya za 1980, inganda z’imodoka zo muri Amerika zari zifite impungenge zuko zizarengerwa n’abayapani bahanganye. Muri Detroit, abantu benshi bategerezanyije amatsiko gutsinda abo bahanganye bakoresheje "umusaruro ucana." "Itara rimurika" bivuze ko uruganda rwikora cyane, amatara yazimye, kandi na robo ubwazo zikora imodoka. Muri kiriya gihe, iki gitekerezo nticyari gifatika. Inyungu zo guhatanira amasosiyete yimodoka yo mu Buyapani ntabwo yashingiye ku bicuruzwa byikora, ahubwo byifashishijwe mu ikoranabuhanga "ridafite umusaruro", kandi umusaruro w’ibinyobwa washingiye ku bakozi muri rusange.
Muri iki gihe, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryikora ryatumye "umusaruro-ucana" buhoro buhoro uba impamo. Uruganda rukora robot rwabayapani FANUC rwashoboye gushyira igice cyumurongo wacyo rwo gukora ahantu hatabigenewe kandi rukora mu buryo bwikora ibyumweru byinshi nta kibazo.
Ubudage Volkswagen bugamije kuganza isi, kandi iri tsinda ryinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga ryashyizeho ingamba nshya zo kubyaza umusaruro: ibihe bya horizontal. Volkswagen irashaka gukoresha ubu buhanga bushya kugirango ikore moderi zose kumurongo umwe. Iyi nzira amaherezo izafasha inganda za Volkswagen kwisi yose guhuza n'imiterere yaho kandi zitange urugero urwo arirwo rwose rusabwa nisoko ryaho.
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, Qian Xuesen yigeze kuvuga ati: "Igihe cyose igenzura ryikora rikorwa, misile irashobora gukubita ikirere nubwo ibice byegeranye."
Muri iki gihe, automatisation izigana ubwenge bwabantu ku rugero runini. Imashini za robo zakoreshejwe mubice nkumusaruro winganda, iterambere ryinyanja, nubushakashatsi bwikirere. Sisitemu y'impuguke yageze ku ntera ishimishije mu gusuzuma indwara no gushakisha geologiya. Gukora uruganda, gutangiza ibiro, gukoresha urugo no gukoresha ubuhinzi bizaba igice cyingenzi cyimpinduramatwara nshya kandi bizatera imbere byihuse.
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, Qian Xuesen yigeze kuvuga ati: "Igihe cyose igenzura ryikora rikorwa, misile irashobora gukubita ikirere nubwo ibice byegeranye."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-10-2021